Article
Zakat Masail Series
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 1
Zakat Kis Par Farz Hai?
Who Is Obligated to Pay Zakat?
Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam and a mandatory act of worship for every eligible Muslim. This section clarifies the fundamental conditions that make Zakat obligatory — including faith, sanity, and maturity — with authentic references from the Quran, Hadith, and Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Musalman ho, Kafir par zakat nahi hai
Zakat sirf Musalman par farz hai. Kafir par zakat nahi hai.
Allah ta'ala ka irshad hai : Unke maal ko qabool na karne ki wajah, sirf ye hai ke unhone Allah aur uske rasool ke sath kufr kiya. (Sure Taubah 54)
لقوله تعالى : ( وَمَا مَنَعَهُمْ أَنْ تُقْبَلَ مِنْهُمْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِه ) قال ابن كثير : لا يتقبل منهم لأنهم... أي قد كفروا، والأعمال إنما تصح بالإيمان.
و روى البخاري برقم ١٣٩٥ عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما في قصة بعث معاذ إلى اليمن ، وفيه قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( فَلْيَكُنْ أَوَّلَ مَا تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ عِبَادَةُ اللَّهِ .. فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ زَكَاةً مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ.. الحديث
🌍 English: Zakat is only obligatory upon a Muslim. A non-Muslim is not required to pay Zakat. The Quran explicitly states that the charitable contributions of disbelievers are not accepted because of their rejection of faith. The Prophet ﷺ also instructed Mu'adh (RA) to first invite people to Islam before informing them of Zakat obligations.
2 Dimagi taur par sehatmand ho, pagal par zakat nahi hai
Zakat us par farz hai jo dimagi taur par sehatmand ho. Pagal par zakat nahi hai.
عن عليِّ بن أبي طالبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عنه: أنَّ النبيَّ صلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّم قال: رُفِع القَلمُ عن ثلاثةٍ: عن النَّائمِ حتَّى يستيقظَ، وعن الصَّبي حتَّى يحتلِمَ، وعن المجنونِ حتَّى يَعقِلَ.
أخرجه الترمذي (١٤٠٧)، والنسائي في السنن الكبرى (٧٣٤٦)، وأحمد (٩٥٦) و حسَّنه البخاري كما في العلل ا��كبير للترمذي (٢٢٦)، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب من هذا الوجه ولا نعرف للحسن سماعا عن علي، وصحح إسناده أحمد شاكر في تحقيق المسند (٢/١٩٧)، وصححه الألباني في صحيح سنن الترمذي (١٤٢٣) وأخرجه من طريق آخر أبو داود (٤٤٠٣)، والبيهقي (٥٢٩٢)، والخطيب في الكفاية (٧٧).
🌍 English: Zakat is only obligatory on a person who is mentally sound. An insane person is exempt from Zakat. The Prophet ﷺ said: "The pen is lifted from three: the sleeper until he awakens, the child until he reaches puberty, and the insane person until he regains his sanity." This hadith is authenticated by multiple scholars including Imam al-Bukhari, Ahmad Shakir, and al-Albani.
3 Balig ho, bacche par zakat nahi hai
Zakat us par farz hai jo balig ho. Bacche par zakat nahi hai.
عن أبي حنيفة عن حماد عن إبراهيم أنه قال : لا زكاة في مال اليتيم حتى يدرك و يجب عليه الصلاة.
أخرجه محمد في الآثار برقم ٢٩٧ و عبد الرزاق في مصنفه و ابن أبي شيبة في مصنفه أيضا، و قال أبوبكر الجصاص الرازي في شرح مختصر الطحاوي : يروى في نفي زكاة مال اليتيم عن عبد الله بن مسعود و ابن عباس...أخرج عنه محمد بن الحسن في الحجة على أهل المدينة ١/٤٥٧.
🌍 English: Zakat is only obligatory on a person who has reached puberty (Baligh). A minor child is not required to pay Zakat, even if the child possesses wealth. Imam Abu Hanifa narrates from Ibrahim al-Nakha'i: "There is no Zakat on the wealth of an orphan until he reaches maturity and prayer becomes obligatory upon him." This ruling is supported by the statements of Ibn Mas'ud and Ibn Abbas (RA).
4 Coma ya behoshi me rehne wale par bhi zakat wajib hai
Agar kisi ke paas itna maal ho jis se zakat wajib hojati hai, lekin wo coma me chala gaya ya kisi aur wajah se saal bhar behosh raha tab bhi uske maal me se zakat dena wajib hai.
تجب على...المغمى عليه ولو استوعب حولًا.
و أما الذي يجن و يفيق فهو كالصحيح وهو بمنزلة النائم والمغمى عليه
🌍 English: If a person possesses Zakat-eligible wealth but falls into a coma or remains unconscious for an entire year, Zakat is still obligatory on their wealth. Unlike insanity, unconsciousness does not exempt a person from Zakat. The person who has intermittent episodes of insanity and sanity is treated like a healthy person — similar to a sleeping or unconscious individual.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 1: Who Must Pay Zakat?
| # | Condition | Zakat Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Muslim | ✅ FARZ |
| 2 | Mentally Sound (Not Insane) | ✅ FARZ |
| 3 | Baligh (Reached Puberty) | ✅ FARZ |
| 4 | In Coma / Unconscious (with wealth) | ✅ FARZ |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 2
Zakat Kab Wajib Hogi? (Zakat Ka Nisab Kya Hai?)
When Does Zakat Become Obligatory? (What Is the Nisab of Zakat?)
Understanding the Nisab (minimum threshold) is essential for every Muslim to determine whether Zakat is due on their wealth. This section covers the Nisab amounts for gold, silver, cash, trade goods, and crypto assets — with practical guidance on calculation.
1 Zakat ka Nisab — Sona, Chandi, Cash, Tijarat ka samaan, Crypto
Jis shaks ke paas 7.5 tola sona ho jo ke 87.48 gram hota hai ya 52.5 tola chandi ho jo ke 612.36 gram hoti hai, ya uski qeemat ke barabar naqad (cash/bank balance) ho ya itna hi tijarat ka samaan ho ya crypto assets ho to Saal guzarne par us par zakat adaa karna farz hai.
| 🥇 Gold (Sona): | 7.5 Tola = 87.48 grams |
| 🥈 Silver (Chandi): | 52.5 Tola = 612.36 grams |
| 💰 Cash / Bank Balance: | Equal to value of 612.36g silver |
| 📦 Trade Goods / Crypto: | Equal to value of 612.36g silver |
| 📅 Time Period: | One lunar (Hijri) year |
عن علي رض عن النبي ﷺ قال : إذا كانت لك مائتا درهم وحال عليها الحول ففيها خمسة دراهم وليس عليك ش��ء - يعني في الذهب - حتى تكون لك عشرون ديناراً فإذا كانت لك عشرون دينارا وحال عليها الحول ففيها نصف دينار فما زاد فبحساب ذلك. وليس في مال زكاة حتى يحول عليه الحول.
Allah ta'aala ka irshad hai : Ye log aap se poochte hai ke kitna (maal) kharch karna hai? Aap kehdijiye ke jo (zaroorat se) zaid hai (wo kharch karna hai).
وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ (البقرة الآية ٢١٩)
قال الحكم عن مقسم عن ابن عباس...قال (العفو) ما يفضل عن أهلك و كذا روي عن ابن عمر و مجاهد و عطاء و عكرمة و سعيد بن جبير و محمد بن كعب والحسن و قتادة والقاسم و سالم و عطاء الخراساني و الربيع بن أنس و غير واحد أنهم قالو في قوله : (قل العفو) يعني الفضل.
🌍 English: Zakat becomes obligatory when a Muslim possesses wealth equal to or exceeding the Nisab for one full lunar year. The Nisab is: 87.48g of gold, or 612.36g of silver, or cash/bank balance/trade goods/crypto assets equivalent to the value of 612.36g of silver. Personal necessities (house, vehicle, phone, clothing) are excluded from Nisab calculations — only surplus wealth such as jewellery, savings, and business inventory counts.
2 Thoda sona, thodi chandi, kuch cash — sab ko milakar nisab
Ek shaks ke paas thoda sa sona (gold) hai, thodi si chandi, kuch cash/bank balance aur kuch tijarat ka samaan hai to agar in sab ki qeemat 612.36 gram chandi ke barabar hojae to uspar bhi zakat wajib hojaegi.
عن أبي سعيد الخُدْري رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: ليس فيما دون خمسة أوسقٍ مِن التمر صدقةٌ، وليس فيما دون خمس أواقٍ من الوَرِق صدقةٌ، وليس فيما دون خمس ذودٍ من الإبل صدقةٌ.
قلتُ : أرأيت الرجل تكون له مثاقيل ذهب أربعة أو خمسة تساوي مائة درهم، و له مائة درهم أخرى ثم يحول عليه الحول، أيزكيهما جميعا؟ قال نعم يزكيهما جميعا.
🌍 English: If a person has a small amount of gold, some silver, some cash/bank balance, and some trade goods — and the combined value of all these equals or exceeds the value of 612.36 grams of silver — then Zakat becomes obligatory. Different types of Zakatable wealth are combined together to determine if the Nisab threshold is met. Note: The "year" is calculated using the Islamic lunar (Hijri) calendar, not the Gregorian calendar.
3 Sirf cash aur tijarat ka samaan se bhi nisab poora hota hai
Ek shaks ke paas na sona (gold) hai na chandi, sirf cash/bank balance aur thoda tijarat ka samaan hai to agar inki qeemat 612.36 gram chandi ke barabar hojae to uspar bhi zakat wajib hojaegi.
و يضم الذهب إلى الفضة و عكسه بجامع الثمنية قيمة...و قيمة العرض تضم إلى الثمنين عند الإمام كما مر عن الزاهدي و صرح به في المحيط أيظا.
🌍 English: Even if a person owns no gold or silver at all — only cash/bank balance and trade goods — Zakat still becomes obligatory if the combined value reaches the Nisab of 612.36 grams of silver. Gold, silver, cash, and trade goods are all combined by value to determine Zakat eligibility.
🌍 English: Your Zakat year begins on the first day (after reaching puberty) when your wealth first reaches the Nisab. This same date becomes your annual Zakat calculation date every year. For example: if your wealth first reached Nisab on 10th Sha'ban, then every year on 10th Sha'ban you must calculate and pay your Zakat.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 2: Nisab Thresholds
| Asset Type | Nisab Amount | Zakat Rate |
|---|---|---|
| 🥇 Gold (Sona) | 87.48 grams | 2.5% |
| 🥈 Silver (Chandi) | 612.36 grams | 2.5% |
| 💰 Cash / Bank Balance | = Value of 612.36g Silver | 2.5% |
| 📦 Trade Goods | = Value of 612.36g Silver | 2.5% |
| ₿ Crypto Assets | = Value of 612.36g Silver | 2.5% |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 3
Qarz Ki Qisme Aur Unpar Zakat Ka Hukm
Types of Debt and Zakat Rulings on Debt
Understanding how debt affects Zakat obligations is essential for every Muslim. This section clarifies different types of loans and debts — from hopeless debts to business receivables — and how they impact Zakat calculation according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Wo qarz jo aapne kisi ko diya, lekin ab uske wapas milne ki ummeed khatam hogayi
Wo qarz jo aapne kisi ko diya, lekin ab uske wapas milne ki ummeed khatam hogayi yani jisko qarz diya tha wo qarz lekar gayab hogaya ya uska diwaliya hogaya to ab us raqam par (jab tak ke wapas na miljae) zakat wajib nahi hai.
قلتُ : أرأيت الرجل التاجر يكون له المال الكثير دينا متفرقا على الناس.... منهم المفلس ما القول في ذلك....إن كان نظر إلى...من كان مفلسًا وقف عليه حتى يخرج، فيزكيه؟ قال هذا حسن
🌍 English: If you have lent money to someone but there is no hope of recovery — because the borrower has disappeared or become bankrupt — then Zakat is not obligatory on that debt amount (until it is recovered). This is called a "hopeless debt" and does not count toward your Zakatable wealth.
2 Jisko qarz diya tha wo mukar gaya aur wapas dene se inkar karta hai
Jisko qarz diya tha wo mukar gaya aur wapas dene se inkar karta hai, ya gunda qism ka aadmi hai ke usse paise wapas nahi mang sakte to in paiso par bhi (jab tak wapas na miljae) zakat wajib nahi hai.
رجل له على رجل ألف درهم، فجحد سنين، ثم أقام بها البينة لم يزكها لما مضى.
🌍 English: If a person denies a debt owed to you and refuses to repay it, or if they are an unreliable person from whom you cannot reasonably demand repayment, then Zakat is not obligatory on that debt amount (until it is recovered). Such a debt does not count as Zakatable wealth during the period it is uncollectable.
3 Wo qarz jo aapne kisi ko diya aur uske wapas milne ki ummeed hai
Wo qarz jo aapne kisi ko diya aur uske wapas milne ki ummeed hai to uspar zakat wajib hogi.
قلتُ : أرأيت الرجل التاجر يكون له المال الكثير دينا متفرقا على الناس.... منهم المليئ الذي يعلم أن ماله في ثقة وأنه سيقضيه إياه...ما القول في ذلك....فإن زكاه وهو دين كله أيجزيه ذلك ؟ قال نعم.
🌍 English: If you have lent money to a solvent person — someone who is financially stable and capable of repaying the debt — then Zakat IS obligatory on that debt amount. Since there is a reasonable expectation of recovery, the debt counts as Zakatable wealth and you must pay Zakat on it.
4 Wo qarz jo business ke len den me hota hai
Wo qarz jo business ke len den me hota hai jaise kisi ko apna maal udhar me bech diya aur uski payment abhi milna baqi hai to un paiso par bhi zakat wajib hai.
قلتُ : أرأيت الرجل التاجر يكون له المال الكثير دينا متفرقا على الناس.... منهم المليئ الذي يعلم أن ماله في ثقة وأنه سيقضيه إياه... ما القول في ذلك....فإن زكاه وهو دين كله أيجزيه ذلك ؟ قال نعم.
🌍 English: If you have sold goods on credit to a customer in your business — where payment is pending — Zakat is obligatory on that outstanding amount. Business receivables from solvent customers are considered part of your Zakatable wealth and must be included in your Zakat calculation.
5 Wo qarz jo aap par hai yani aapko doosro ko chukana hai
Wo qarz jo aap par hai yani aapko doosro ko chukana hai to us qarz ki raqam ko minus karne ke baad zakat wajib hogi, misal ke taur pe Zaid ke paas 3 lakh ki jewellery aur cash hai lekin 1 lakh ka qarz bhi sar pe hai to ab qarz ke us 1 lakh rupay ko minus karke jo bachega yani 2 lakh rupay, sirf ussi par zakat wajib hogi.
Hazrat Usman bin Affan rz farmaya karte the ke ye tumhara zakat ka mahina (aagaya), jis shaks par qarz ho Wo use ada karde take tumhe tumhara maal miljae, phir tum uski zakat de sako.
أخبرنا مالك، أخبرنا الزهري عن السائب بن يزيد، أن عثمان بن عفان رض كان يقول هذا شهر زكاتكم، فمن كان عليه دين فليؤد دينه حتى تحصل أموالكم فتؤدوا منها الزكاة. قال محمد : و بهذا نأخذ، من كان عليه دين وله مال فليدفع دينه من ماله، فإن بقي بعد ذلك ما تجب فيه الزكاة ففيه زكاة و تلك مائتا درهم أو عشرون مثقالا ذهبا فصاعدا.... وهو قول أبي حنيفة.
🌍 English: If you owe a debt to someone, that debt amount must be deducted from your total wealth before calculating Zakat. For example: if you have total wealth of 3 lakh rupees but owe 1 lakh in debt, then Zakat is calculated only on the remaining 2 lakh rupees. Hazrat Usman (RA) instructed that whoever owes a debt should repay it first so that their wealth becomes clear, and then Zakat should be calculated on what remains. This is the position of Imam Abu Hanifa and the Hanafi school.
6 Naya business start karne ke liye bank se jo lakho karodo ka qarz liya jata hai
Naya business start karne ke liye bank se jo lakho karodo ka qarz liya jata hai jise 5 se 10 saal tak wapas karne ka time milta hai usme sirf 1 saal (current year) ki instalments minus karke zakat wajib hogi, poore qarz ko minus nahi kiya jaega.
و قال بعض مشائخنا : إن المؤجل لا يمنع لأنه غير مطالب به عادة.
(أو مؤجلا)...و قال عن أبي حنيفة لا يمنع، وقال صدر الشهيد... ولكل من المنع و عدمه وجه. زاد القهستاني عن الجواهر : والصحيح أنه غير مانع.
🌍 English: When taking a long-term business loan from a bank (for 5-10 years), only the installment amount due in the current year is deducted from wealth for Zakat calculation — not the entire loan amount. Since you are not obligated to repay the future installments immediately, the deferred payments are not deducted. Only the current year's obligation is subtracted, and Zakat is calculated on the remaining wealth.
و قال بعض مشائخنا : إن المؤجل لا يمنع لأنه غير مطالب به عادة.
(أو مؤجلا)...و قال عن أبي حنيفة لا يمنع، وقال صدر الشهيد... ولكل من المنع و عدمه وجه. زاد القهستاني عن الجواهر : والصحيح أنه غير مانع.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 3: Debt Types & Zakat Rules
| # | Debt Type | Zakat Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hopeless Debt (Borrower disappeared/bankrupt) | ❌ NOT COUNTED |
| 2 | Denied Debt (Borrower refuses/unreliable) | ❌ NOT COUNTED |
| 3 | Hopeful Debt (Solvent borrower, recoverable) | ✅ COUNTED |
| 4 | Business Receivables (Credit sales) | ✅ COUNTED |
| 5 | Debt You Owe (Deducted from wealth) | ✅ DEDUCT |
| 6 | Long-term Loan (5-10 years) | ✅ CURRENT YEAR ONLY |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 4
Maal e Tijarat (Business Stock) Par Zakat Ka Hukm
Zakat Rulings on Business Stock and Trade Inventory
Understanding Zakat on business inventory requires clarity on the three essential conditions that define "Maal e Tijarat" (business stock). This section explains when goods are considered business stock and when Zakat is obligatory — including critical distinctions about intention, possession, and purpose according to Hanafi Fiqh.
📌 Maal e Tijarat Ki Taareef (Definition):
Jis maal me 3 cheeze paayi jaye usko maal e tijarat kehte hai:
(a) Us maal ko khareeda gaya ho,
(b) Khareedte waqt usko bechne ki niyat bhi ho,
(c) Zakat calculation ke din bhi bechne ki niyat baqi ho.
1 Jo maal bagair khareede milgaya, usko bechna chahte hai
Jo maal aapko khareede bagair milgaya jaise kisi ne hadiya kardiya ya miraas (warse) me aapke hisse me kuch maal aagaya aur ab aap usko bechna chahte hai to ye maale tijarat nahi hai, ispar zakat wajib nahi hogi, kyu ki ye bagair khareede aapke paas aaya hai.
قلت : كذلك (لا يزكي) المتاع والرقيق والجوهر والآنية يرثها الرجل أو توهب له وهو يساوي مالا عظيما؟ قال نعم و إن كان يساوي مالا عظيما.
🌍 English: Goods received as a gift or inherited through succession are NOT considered business stock (Maal e Tijarat), even if their value is enormous. Since these goods were not purchased with the intention of resale, Zakat is not obligatory on them, regardless of how valuable they may be or whether you now intend to sell them. Imam Muhammad explicitly states this ruling applies to goods, slaves, jewelry, and utensils.
2 Khareedte waqt bechne ki niyat na ho, lekin ab bechna chahte hai
Koi saman khareedte waqt agar use bechne ki niyat na ho to wo bhi maal e tijarat nahi hai uspar zakat wajib nahi hogi, jaise aapne koi ghar is niyat se khareeda tha ke isme rahenge ya bhaade par dedenge ya baccho ke kaam aayega lekin ab aap use bechna chahte hai to ye maal e tijarat nahi hai, ispar zakat wajib nahi hogi, kyu ki is ghar ko khareedte waqt aapki bechne ki niyat nahi thi.
قلت : أرأيت إن كان اشتراه لغير التجارة أو لشيئ مما وصفت لك من التجمل ثم بدا له بعد أشهر أن يجعله للتجارة.... أيزكيه مع ماله ؟ قال لا يزكيه... لأنه على ما جعله عليه، فلا يكون للتجارة حتى يبيعه.
🌍 English: If goods are purchased for personal use or decoration (such as a house for residence, rental, or family benefit), they do NOT become business stock even if you later decide to sell them. Zakat is not obligatory on such goods because the original intention at the time of purchase was not for trade. The goods retain their original purpose unless and until they are actually sold.
قال هشام سئلت محمدا عن رجل اشترى جارية للخدمة وهو ينوي إن أصاب ربحا... قال ليس فيها زكاة حتى يشتري و عزيمة أمره و الغالب منه أن يشتريها للتجارة ذكره هذه الجملة في المنتقى.
🌍 English: Even if you purchase something for personal use with a conditional intention (such as "I will sell it if I get a good price"), it is NOT considered business stock. A firm and definite intention to purchase specifically for trading purposes must exist at the time of purchase. A conditional or secondary intention to sell does not establish business stock status.
3 Khareedte waqt bechne ki niyat thi, lekin ab niyat khatam kardiya
Khareedte waqt to bechne hi ki niyat thi, lekin ab bechne ka irada nahi hai to ab uspar bhi zakat wajib na hogi, jaise koi zameen is niyat se khareedi thi ke usko profit rakh kar bechenge, har saal uski zakat bhi dete rahe lekin ab uska accha price nahi mil raha hai to aapne bechne ka irada khatam kardiya aur ye socha ke is zameen ko hum farm house banalenge to ab ye maal e tijarat na raha yani ispar zakat wajib na hogi.
قلت : أرأيت الرجل يشتري شيئا... للتجارة و يبدو له فيجعله لشيئ مما وصفت لك من التجمل والسكنى أو النفقة أو الخدمة أو الكسوة فيحول عليه الحول أيزكيه مع ماله ؟ قال لا.
🌍 English: If goods were originally purchased with the firm intention to sell them (for business profit), but you later abandon that intention and convert them to personal use (such as residence, self-consumption, or service), Zakat is no longer obligatory. Once the intention to trade is removed and the goods are designated for personal use, they are no longer considered business stock, even if a full year has passed.
4 Tijarat ki niyat se flat khareeda lekin usko kiraye par daal diya
Tijarat ki niyat se flat khareeda lekin usko kiraye par daal diya to ab ye bhi maal e tijarat na raha lihaza is flat par bhi zakat wajib na hogi.
إذا اشترى دارا أو عبدا للتجارة فآجره خرج من أن يكون للتجارة.
🌍 English: If a property (house or slave in classical context) was purchased with the intention to sell for profit, but is then rented out for income, it ceases to be business stock (Maal e Tijarat). Once converted to a rental investment for generating income, Zakat on that property as business inventory no longer applies. The change in use eliminates its status as goods intended for resale.
5 Tijarat ke liye maal khareeda lekin abhi qabza nahi huwa
Tijarat ke liye kuch maal khareeda lekin abhi tak uspar qabza nahi huwa yani Wo maal abhi tak mila nahi to uspar bhi zakat wajib na hogi.
ولا فيما اشتراه لتجارة قبل قبضه
🌍 English: Goods purchased for business purposes do not become subject to Zakat until physical possession (Qabza) is obtained. Before taking possession of the purchased goods, Zakat is not obligatory on them, even though the purchase agreement exists and the intention for trade is established. Possession is a necessary condition for Zakat to become due on business stock.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 4: Maal e Tijarat & Zakat Rules
| # | Goods Type | Zakat Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Inherited or Gifted Goods | ❌ NOT COUNTED |
| 2 | Purchased for Personal Use (No trade intent) | ❌ NOT COUNTED |
| 3 | Business Stock Converted to Personal Use | ❌ NOT COUNTED |
| 4 | Purchased for Trade, Now Rented Out | ❌ NOT COUNTED |
| 5 | Purchased for Trade (Before Possession) | ❌ NOT YET DUE |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 5
Nisab Ke Bare Me Kuch Zaroori Masail
Essential Issues Regarding Nisab Calculations and Zakat Determination
Calculating Nisab accurately requires understanding critical principles about when wealth fluctuates, how new income is treated, and the proper method of Zakat calculation. This section clarifies essential rulings on incomplete Nisab periods, combined wealth calculations, and the importance of precise accounting according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Shuru aur akhir saal me nisab poora, lekin darmiyan me kam ho gaya
Shuru aur akhir saal me nisab poora tha lekin darmiyan me nisab ghat kar kam hogaya tab bhi poore nisab par zakat wajib hogi, jaise kisi ke paas 10 Sha’ban ko itne paise aaye jis par zakat wajib hoti hai aur agle saal 10 Sha’ban ko bhi utne hi paise maujood the lekin saal ke darmiyan me wo paise kaafi kam hogaye the, to is kam hone ko nahi dekha jaega, saal ke shuru aur akheer me nisab poora hai to zakat wajib hojaegi.
قلتُ : أرأيت الرجل تكون له مائتا درهم،...فتهلك مائة درهم، فإذا كان قبل الحول بيوم أصاب مائة درهم فحال عليها الحول و هي مائتا درهم ؟ قال : يزكيها.
🌍 English: If your wealth reaches Nisab on the first day of your Zakat year and remains at Nisab on the last day, Zakat is obligatory — even if the wealth significantly decreased during the intermediate months. What matters is that the Nisab was complete at the beginning and end of the year. For example: if half your wealth was lost midway through the year, you still pay Zakat on the full amount because both the start and end dates meet the Nisab threshold.
2 Zakat wajib hone ke baad jo bhi maal aayega sab par zakat wajib hogi
Zakat wajib hone ke baad saal ke darmiyan jo bhi maal aayega sab par zakat wajib hogi chahe wo maal zakat wajib hone wale din se ek hi din pehle aaya ho, yani har maal par alag se saal guzarna zaroori nahi hai balke jis din zakat nikali jarahi hai us din ka balance dekha jaega, usdin jo bhi maal hoga uspar zakat wajib hogi.
عن أبي حنيفة عن حماد عن إبراهيم أنه قال : إن كان لك مال تزكيه فأصبتَ قبل أن يحول عليه الحول فزكِّه معه إذا حال الحول، فإن لم يكن لك مال فلا تزكه حتى يحول عليه الحول مذ يوم أصبته.
والحجة لذلك قول النبي : في خمس و عشرين بنت مخاض إلى خمس و ثلاثين فإذا زادت واحدة : ففيها بنت لبون، حيث لم يفرق بين وجود الزيادة في أول الحول أو في آخره.
🌍 English: Once Zakat becomes obligatory on your initial wealth, any additional wealth acquired during that year is automatically included in your Zakat calculation for that year — regardless of how recently it was acquired. Each type of wealth does not require a separate one-year waiting period. Instead, on your Zakat calculation date, all wealth present (old and new) is combined and Zakat is calculated on the total balance. For example: if you had 10 lakh rupees at the start of your Zakat year and earned 2 lakh more during the year, on your Zakat date you pay Zakat on the full 12 lakh, even if the 2 lakh was earned just days before.
Nabi e Kareem ﷺ se naqal kiya jata hai ke jis maal ke sath bhi zakat mil jati hai usko barbad kardeti hai.
روي عن النبي ﷺ ما خَالَطَتِ الزكاة مالاً قطُّ، إلا أهلكتْه.
أخرجه الهيثمي في مَجمع الزوائد (٣/٦٤)، وأورده المنذري في الترغيب (١/٥٤٣)، والتبريزي في المشكاة (١٧٩٣)، و عزاه المنذري إلى البزَّار، والبيهقي.
🌍 English: When calculating Zakat, you must maintain precise and complete accounting of all your wealth and calculate Zakat on each rupee accurately. Estimating or approximating Zakat payments is incorrect and unreliable. If Zakat is calculated by approximation and some portion remains unpaid, that deficiency will taint the entire wealth. The Prophet ﷺ warned: "Zakat that mingles with wealth destroys it." This emphasizes the critical importance of calculating Zakat with exact precision — not guesswork or rough estimates. The Islamic calendar (lunar/Hijri) must be used for determining the Zakat year, not the Gregorian financial year (March-April).
📋 Quick Summary — SR 5: Critical Nisab Principles
| # | Scenario | Rule |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nisab at Start & End (Low in Middle) | ✅ ZAKAT WAJIB |
| 2 | New Wealth Earned During Year | ✅ COMBINED |
| 3 | Calendar Year (Financial Year) | ❌ WRONG |
| 4 | Islamic Lunar (Hijri) Calendar | ✅ CORRECT |
| 5 | Exact Calculation (Not Approximation) | ✅ MANDATORY |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 6
Wo Cheeze Jin Me Zakat Wajib Nahi Hoti (Part - 1)
Items Not Subject to Zakat (Part 1): Jewelry, Deposits & Insurance
Understanding what is exempt from Zakat is as important as knowing what is obligatory. This section clarifies Zakat rulings on jewelry for minors, savings for children, and various forms of insurance and deposits according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Bacchi ke nikah ke liye sone chandi ke zevarat
Sone chandi ke wo zevarat jo maa baap, dada dadi, nana nani ya aur koi rishtedar, choti bacchi ko pehnate hai taake uske nikah me kaam aaye uspar zakat wajib nahi hogi, albatta jab bacchi balig ho jaegi to saal guzarne ke baad uspar zakat wajib hogi.
Abdurrehman bin Qasim apne walid Qasim se naqal karte hai ke Hazrat Aishah rz ki nigrani me kuch yateem bacchiya thi jinke paas zeveraat the lekin unki zakat nahi nikali jati thi.
أخبرنا مالك عن عبد الرحمن بن قاسم عن أبيه أن عائشة كانت تلي بنات أخيها يتامى في حجرها، لهن حلي فلا تُخرج من حليهن الزكاة.
قال محمد...أما ما كان من حلي ذهب أو فضة ففيه الزكاة إلا أن يكون ذلك ليتيم أو يتيمة لم يبلغا فلا تكون في مالها زكاة وهو قول أبي حنيفة.
🌍 English: Gold and silver jewelry worn by a minor child (whether as personal adornment or in preparation for marriage) is NOT subject to Zakat as long as the child remains a minor. However, once the child reaches puberty (Baligh), Zakat becomes obligatory after one full year. Hazrat Aishah (RA) had orphaned girls in her care who possessed jewelry, yet she did not calculate Zakat on it for them while they were minors.
2 Bacche ke liye bank me fix deposit
Wo rupiye jo baccho ke liye bank me fix deposit me rakhwa diye jate hai take baccho ke kaam aaye, un rupiyo par bhi zakat nahi hai, lekin jab baccha balig hojae aur uspar saal guzar jae to zakat wajib hojaegi.
عن أبي حنيفة عن حماد عن إبراهيم أنه قال : لا زكاة في مال اليتيم حتى يدرك و يجب عليه الصلاة.
🌍 English: Money deposited in a fixed deposit account in the name of a minor child is NOT subject to Zakat while the child is a minor. Once the child reaches puberty (Baligh), Zakat becomes obligatory after one lunar year. However, if the parents reserve the right to withdraw these funds for their own needs, then Zakat is immediately obligatory on the deposit amount.
3 Bacche ke education ke liye deposit
Wo rupiye jo bacche ke education ke liye deposit ki jati hai aur ek fixed muddat ke baad nikali jati hai uspar bhi zakat wajib nahi hai.
قال محمد : أخبرنا أبو حنيفة، عن حماد، عن إبراهيم قال : ليس في مال اليتيم زكاة ولا تجب عليه الزكاة حتى تجب عليه الصلاة. قال محمد : و له نأخذ، وهو قول أبي حنيفة.
أخرجه محمد في الآثار برقم ٢٩٧ و عبد الرزاق في مصنفه و ابن أبي شيبة في مصنفه أيضًا، و قال أبوبكر الجصاص الرازي في شرح مختصر الطحاوي : يروى في نفي زكاة مال اليتيم عن عبد الله بن مسعود و ابن عباس...أخرج عنه محمد بن الحسن في الحجة على أهل المدينة ١/٤٥٧.
🌍 English: Money saved for a child’s educational expenses and kept until a specified future date is NOT subject to Zakat while the child remains a minor. This is consistent with the general principle that wealth held in custody for minors is exempt from Zakat. The exemption is based on the status of the minor, not the earmarked purpose of the funds.
4 Nabalig bacche ke life insurance me jama raqam
Wo raqam jo nabalig baccho ke life insurance me jama ki jati hai uspar bhi zakat wajib nahi hogi.
عن أبي حنيفة عن حماد عن إبراهيم أنه قال : لا زكاة في مال اليتيم حتى يدرك و يجب عليه الصلاة.
🌍 English: Money accumulated in a life insurance policy for a minor child is NOT subject to Zakat while the child is a minor. However, life insurance itself is not permitted in Islam as it involves interest (Riba) and elements of gambling (Maisir). Parents should avoid this method of saving for children and instead use Shariah-compliant alternatives.
5 Majnoon bacche ke liye jama raqam
Kisi ne apne majnoon bacche ke liye (jo dimag se ma’azoor ho) kuch rupiye deposit karwadiye to uspar zakat wajib nahi hai.
عن عليِّ بن أبي طالبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عنه: أنَّ النبيَّ صلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّم قال: رُفِع القَلمُ عن ثلاثةٍ: عن النَّائمِ حتَّى يستيقظَ، وعن الصَّبي حتَّى يحتلِمَ، وعن المجنونِ حتَّى يَعقِلَ.
🌍 English: Wealth held in custody for an insane person is NOT subject to Zakat while they remain mentally unsound. The Prophet ﷺ stated: "The pen is lifted from three: the sleeper until he awakens, the child until he reaches puberty, and the insane person until he regains sanity." Once the insane person recovers and becomes mentally sound, Zakat becomes obligatory on their wealth after one lunar year has passed from recovery.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 6: Items NOT Subject to Zakat (Part 1)
| # | Item/Wealth Type | Zakat Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Child’s Jewelry (Before Puberty) | ❌ NOT DUE |
| 2 | Fixed Deposit for Minor | ❌ NOT DUE |
| 3 | Educational Savings (Minor) | ❌ NOT DUE |
| 4 | Life Insurance (Minor) | ❌ NOT DUE |
| 5 | Insane Person’s Wealth | ❌ NOT DUE |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 7
Wo Cheeze Jin Me Zakat Wajib Nahi Hoti (Part - 2)
Items Not Subject to Zakat (Part 2): Dental Work, Gemstones & Insurance
Continuing our examination of items exempt from Zakat, this section covers dental work, precious gemstones, insurance premiums, and when certain valuables become subject to Zakat rules according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Dant me sone chandi ke taar aur filling
Dant me jo sone chandi ke taar lagaye jate hai ya Wo masala jo dant ki cavity me bhara jata hai, (jise aasani se nikala nahi jasakta) unpar zakat wajib nahi hai.
و يجوز أيضا شد السن به (بالذهب) عند تحريكها، ولا زكاة فيما ذُكر.
🌍 English: Gold or silver fillings and wires used for dental repairs — especially those that cannot be easily removed — are NOT subject to Zakat. These items are considered part of necessary medical treatment and bodily restoration, not wealth held for growth or trade.
2 Heere aur Moti par zakat
Heere aur Moti chahe jitne mehenge ho unpar zakat wajib nahi hai.
Hazrat Ikrima se naqal kiya jata hai ke heere aur zamarrud ke patthar me zakat nahi hai, magar ye ke wo tijarat ke liye ho (to zakat wajib hogi).
رواه ابن أبي شيبة في مصنفه عن عكرمة برقم ١٠١٦٢ و كذا عن سعيد بن جبير و مكحول و حكم و إبراهيم - شركة دار القبلة ٦/٤٤٧ و رواه البيهقي أيضا عن علي رض بسند منقطع.
عن أبي حنيفة عن حماد عن إبراهيم أنه قال : ليس في شيئ من اللؤلؤ والجوهر زكاة إذا كان يلبس، و إذا كان للتجارة ففيه الزكاة...
🌍 English: Diamonds, pearls, and precious gemstones are NOT subject to Zakat when worn for personal adornment or decoration. However, if they are held for the purpose of trade or business, Zakat IS obligatory. Some scholars, including contemporary Mufti Khalid Saifullah Rehmani, recommend paying Zakat on valuable gemstones held in a vault purely for wealth preservation, as this aligns with the broader objectives of Zakat.
3 Car, Dukan aur business insurance
Car, Dukan aur business insurance me jo rupiye Jama kiye jate hai unpar zakat nahi hai.
إذا كان الغريم يقر في السر... فلا زكاة فيه لأنه لا يقتنع بهذا الإقرار أصلا فصار وجوده و عدمه بمنزلة
🌍 English: Insurance premiums paid for vehicles, shops, and business assets are NOT subject to Zakat. These payments are conditional claims on uncertain future events, not direct ownership of wealth. The coverage only becomes actual wealth if and when a claim is paid.
و قال محمد أخبرنا أبو حنيفة عن الهيثم عن ابن سيرين عن علي رض أنه قال في الرجل يكون له الدين فيقبضه : إنه يزكيه لما مضى.
فتجب زكاتها إذا تم نصابًا و حال الحول لكن لا فورا بل عند قبض أربعين درهمًا من الدين القوي كقرض
🌍 English: Life insurance is distinctly different. Premiums paid into a life insurance policy accumulate as actual wealth and ARE subject to Zakat. When the policy matures and principal is recovered, Zakat is due on all accumulated premiums for all previous years. Any amount exceeding the principal (returns/profit) is interest-based and prohibited; it should either be returned to the original owner or given as charity without the intention of reward.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 7: Items NOT Subject to Zakat (Part 2)
| # | Item/Wealth Type | Zakat Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dental Gold/Silver Fillings | ❌ NOT DUE |
| 2 | Diamonds & Pearls (Personal Wear) | ❌ NOT DUE |
| 3 | Car/Business/Property Insurance | ❌ NOT DUE |
| 4 | Life Insurance (Principal) | ✅ DUE (Retroactive) |
| 5 | Gemstones for Wealth Preservation | ⚠️ PRECAUTION |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 8
Wo Cheeze Jin Me Zakat Wajib Nahi Hoti (Part - 3)
Items Not Subject to Zakat (Part 3): Business Assets, Transport & Personal Items
Understanding Zakat exemptions on business tools, livestock used for personal livelihood, and household items is crucial for accurate Zakat calculation. This section covers vehicles, livestock, rental properties, and essential personal possessions according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Transport business ke gadiya aur buses
Transport wale jinki bohot si gadiya, buses aur trucks kiraye par chalti hai, to un gadiyo aur busses ki qeemat par zakat nahi hai, lekin unke kiraye se jo aamdani hoti hai uspar (as per rules) zakat wajib hogi.
و آلات الصناع الذين يعملون بها و ظروف الأمتعة لا تحب فيها الزكاة لأنها غير معد للتجارة
🌍 English: Vehicles used for transportation services (taxis, buses, trucks) are NOT subject to Zakat on their value, even if numerous. These are considered working assets, not business inventory. However, the rental income generated from these vehicles IS subject to Zakat according to the rules for income and trade profits.
2 Jin bhaiso se doodh bechne ke liye paala jata hai
Jin (buffalo) bhaiso ko doodh bechne ke liye paala jata hai unki qeemat par bhi zakat wajib nahi hai, (jab ke wo aam charahgah me na charte ho aur nisab ke barabar na ho), lekin unke doodh se jo aamdani hogi uspar (as per rules) zakat wajib hogi.
في صدقة الغَنم في سائمتها إذا كانت أربعين فيها شاة.
قال ابن رشد : يقتضي أن لا زكاة في غير السائمة. (بداية المجتهد و نهاية المقتصد دار الكتب العلمية ١/٣٧٤) و قال الكرماني وهو دليل على أن لا زكاة في المعلوفة.
و آلات الصناع الذين يعملون بها و ظروف الأمتعة لا تحب فيها الزكاة لأنها غير معد للتجارة
في كلِّ سائمةِ إبل: في أربعينَ بنتُ لَبونٍ، لا يُفرَّق إبِلٌ عن حسابِها۔ رواه أحمد، وأبو داود، والنسائي.
🌍 English: Livestock such as buffalo or goats kept for milk production are NOT subject to Zakat on their value alone, provided they are fed domestically (not left to graze freely in pastures). However, the income derived from selling milk IS subject to Zakat. Livestock that graze freely in pastures for most of the year may be subject to livestock Zakat (Zakat al-Anam) if they reach the prescribed Nisab quantity.
3 Murgiya jo sirf ande bechne ke liye paali jati hai
Wo murgiya jinhe becha nahi jata balke sirf Ande (eggs) bechne ke liye paala jata, aisi murgiyo par zakat nahi hai, lekin Ande (eggs) bechne se jo aamdani hogi uspar (as per rules) zakat wajib hogi.
و أما آلات الصناع و ظروف أمتعة التجارة لا تكون مال التجارة (فلا تكون فيه الزكاة) لأنها لا تباع مع الأمتعة.
🌍 English: Poultry kept solely for egg production is NOT subject to Zakat on the birds themselves, as they are working assets for generating income. However, Zakat IS obligatory on the income (profit) from egg sales. If poultry birds are purchased with the intention to sell them (not just eggs), they then become business stock and are subject to Zakat.
4 Girvi rakha huwaa zevar aur saman
Wo zevar ya saman jo qarz ke badle me girvi rakha gaya ho, jabtak wo wapas na miljae, uspar zakat nahi hai, aur wapas milne ke baad bhi pichle saalo ki zakat wajib na hogi, balke ussi saal se zakat wajib hogi.
فلا زكاة...ولا في مرهون بعد قبضه أي لا على المرتهن لعدم ملك الرقبة ولا على الراهن لعدم اليد و إذا استرده الراهن لا يزكي عن السنين الماضية.
🌍 English: Pledged goods (held as collateral for a loan) are NOT subject to Zakat while in pledge, neither by the lender (who lacks full ownership) nor by the pledger (who lacks possession). Once the pledged item is redeemed and returned, Zakat is NOT due retroactively for the pledge period. Zakat only becomes obligatory from the current year onward after recovery.
5 Tent house aur rental ke bartan
Tent house wagaira me jo bartan aur saman wagaira kiraye par diye jate hai unpar zakat wajib na hogi, lekin unke kiraye se jo aamdani hoti hai uspar (as per rules) zakat wajib hogi.
و في فتاوى أبي الليث : إذا اشترى جوالق بعشرة آلاف دراهم ليؤاجرها من الناس فحال عليها الحول فلا زكاة فيها.
🌍 English: Items purchased for rental purposes (such as dishware, decorations, and furnishings for event rentals) are NOT subject to Zakat on their value. They are considered working assets, not inventory for resale. However, Zakat IS obligatory on the rental income generated from these items.
6 Ghar, kapde, saman aur dusri zaroori cheezo par zakat
Isi tarah neeche zikr ki huwi cheezo par bhi zakat nahi hai:
(a) Wo ghar jo rehne ki niyat se ya baccho ke liye khareeda gaya ho,
(b) Wo ghar jo bhaade pe de diya ho,
(c) Pehenne ke kapde, ghadi, chaadare,
(d) Ghar ka saman (fridge, cooler, washing machine)
(e) Car, motorcycle,
(f) Ghar me jama kiya huwa khane peene ka saman
(g) Sajawat ke bartan,
(h) Mutaale ki kitabe,
(i) Kareegar ke auzar,
(j) Kaarkhane, factory,
(k) Kisaan ke tractor aur khetibadi ke auzar,
(l) Har Wo saman jo tijarat ki niyat se na khareeda gaya ho.
فليس في دور السكنى و ثياب البدن وأثاث المنازل و دواب الركوب وعبيد الخدمة و سلاح الاستعمال زكاة و كذا طعام أهله و ما يتجمل به من الأواني إذا لم يكن من الذهب والفضة، وكذا كتب العلم إن كان من أهله و آلات المحترفين.
🌍 English: Personal necessities and household items are NOT subject to Zakat. This comprehensive list includes: residential homes, clothing, household furnishings, transportation for personal use, domestic help, household food stores, decorative utensils, academic books, professional tools and equipment, factories and machines used for livelihood, agricultural equipment, and any items not purchased for business trade purposes. These are considered essential possessions and tools for living, not wealth available for Zakat.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 8: Items NOT Subject to Zakat (Part 3)
| # | Item/Asset Type | Zakat Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Transport Vehicles (Buses/Trucks) | ❌ NOT ON ASSET |
| 2 | Dairy Livestock (Buffalo/Goats) | ❌ NOT ON ASSET |
| 3 | Poultry for Eggs | ❌ NOT ON ASSET |
| 4 | Pledged Items (Collateral) | ❌ NOT DUE |
| 5 | Rental Items (Dishware, Décor) | ❌ NOT ON ASSET |
| 6 | Personal Necessities (Home, Clothing, Furniture) | ❌ NOT DUE |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 9
Wo Cheeze Jin Me Zakat Wajib Hai (Part - 1)
Items Subject to Zakat (Part 1): Precious Metals, Cash & Investments
Understanding what wealth is subject to Zakat is essential for fulfilling this pillar of Islam. This section clarifies Zakat obligations on gold, silver, cash, bank deposits, shares, bonds, and provident funds according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Sona aur chandi har roop me zakat wajib hai
Sona aur chandi chahe zevar ho, biscuit ki shakal me ho, coins ho, ya kapde me uske bail boote lage hue ho ya ghadi aur pen me laga hua ho, in sab par zakat wajib hai, lekin sone aur chandi ka jo pani chadaya jata hai uspar zakat nahi hai.
وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ما من صاحب ذهب، ولا فضة، لا يؤدي منها حقها إلا إذا كان يوم القيامة صفحت له صفائح من نار..إلخ
قال أبوبكر الجصاص الرازي : والزكاة واجبة في الذهب والفضة كيفما وجد، من حلي و غيره.
إن نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أخذ حريرا فجعله في يمينه وأخذ ذهبا فجعله في شماله ثم قال إن هذين حرام على ذكور أمتي.
🌍 English: Zakat is obligatory on gold and silver in all forms: jewelry, coins, bars, bullion, embroidered in clothing, or embedded in watches and pens. The Prophet ﷺ warned that owners of gold and silver who do not pay Zakat will face punishment on the Day of Judgment. Imitation jewelry (non-precious metals) is NOT subject to Zakat unless held for business purposes. Note: Gold is forbidden for men to wear.
2 Currency, bank deposits aur savings par zakat
Wo rupiye jo currency ki shakal me ho, ya bank ke current account, savings account, ya fixed deposit me ho unpar bhi zakat wajib hai.
وكان الشيخ أبو بكر محمد بن الفضل يفتي في العطارف بوجوب الزكاة...يجب أن يكون هذا قول أصحابنا جميعا، لأن الثمنية قد تقررت فيها في بلادنا بحيث لا تتغير حيث تقررها في الذهب والفضة.
🌍 English: Cash in any form (currency notes, coins, bank balances in current accounts, savings accounts, and fixed deposits) is subject to Zakat. Modern currency has established itself as a medium of exchange in our societies just like gold and silver historically did. Zakat is obligatory on the principal amount of fixed deposits every year. The interest or returns earned on these deposits are forbidden (Haram) and should be given away to the poor as charity without the intention of reward.
3 Company ke shares par zakat
Kisi company ke shares agar khareede huwe ho to unki market value par zakat wajib hogi, kyu ki wo maal e tijarat hi ki tarah hai.
عن سمرة بن جندب قال: كان النبي يأمرنا أن نخرج الزكاة مما نعده للبيع.
وأما الأسهم: فتجب زكاتها أيضاً بحسب قيمتها الحقيقية في البيع والشراء، كزكاة العروض التجارية،
🌍 English: Stocks and shares in companies are subject to Zakat based on their current market value, as they are considered forms of business wealth similar to trade goods. The Prophet ﷺ instructed companions to calculate Zakat on property prepared for sale. The Zakat is calculated on the actual market price (the amount the stock could be sold for today), not the purchase price or future expected value.
4 Bonds par zakat
Bonds me jo asal raqam (principal amount) lagti hai unpar zakat wajib hai, aur asal raqam se badh kar jo sood milta hai Wo haram hai aur usko sadqa karna wajib hai.
وبالرغم من تحريم السندات ، فإنه تجب زكاتها، لأنها تمثل ديناً لصاحبها، وتؤدى زكاتها عن كل عام، عملاً برأي جمهور الفقهاء
أما التعامل بالسندات فحرام لاشتمالها على الفائدة الربوية.
🌍 English: Although bonds are forbidden due to their interest-bearing nature, Zakat remains obligatory on the principal amount. Bonds represent a debt owed to the holder, and according to the majority of scholars, Zakat must be paid annually on this principal. The interest earnings are prohibited and should be disposed of through charity. Buying and selling bonds is impermissible due to their inherent Riba (interest) component.
5 Voluntary provident fund par zakat
Wo provident fund jisko company jabran job karne walo ki salary se nahi kaat ti balke job karne wala apni choice se katwaata hai aur wo jab chahe us amount ko nikal bhi sakta hai to us jama ki huwi raqam par zakat wajib hai.
مستفاد : ويشترط أن يتمكن من الاستمناء بكون المال في يده أو بيد نائبه فإن لم يتمكن من الاستمناء فلا زكاة عليه وذلك مثل مال الضمار
🌍 English: Voluntary provident fund contributions (where the employee chooses to contribute and retains the right to withdraw) are subject to Zakat if the accumulated amount reaches Nisab. Since the employee has complete control and access to the funds, it is considered their property. However, if the company mandatorily deducts and locks away funds without the employee’s choice to access them, Zakat is not obligatory until the funds are actually received (upon retirement or termination). From that point onward, the current year’s Zakat becomes due.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 9: Items Subject to Zakat (Part 1)
| # | Wealth Type | Zakat Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gold & Silver (All Forms) | ✅ WAJIB |
| 2 | Cash & Bank Deposits | ✅ WAJIB |
| 3 | Company Shares (Stocks) | ✅ WAJIB |
| 4 | Bonds (Principal Amount) | ✅ WAJIB |
| 5 | Voluntary Provident Fund | ✅ WAJIB |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 10
Wo Cheeze Jin Me Zakat Wajib Hai (Part - 2)
Items Subject to Zakat (Part 2): Jewelry, Trade Goods & Savings with Intent
Continuing our exploration of zakatable wealth, this section covers jewelry prepared for marriage, trade inventory including raw materials, money saved for future expenses, and mutual fund investments according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Wedding zevar par zakat wajib hogi agar...
Wo zevar jo bacche/bacchi ki shadi ke liye jama kiya gaya ho, aur maa baap ne use apne paas hi rakha ho aur niyat ye ho ke zaroorat padne par ham bhi istemal karlenge to uspar zakat wajib hai, isi tarah baccho ko (unki milkiyat me) dene ke baad bhi agar niyat ye ho ke zaroorat huwi to ham bhi istemal karlenge to uspar bhi zakat wajib hai.
عبدالله بن عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنهما أن النبي ﷺ رأى في يد امرأة مسكتين من ذهب (أي سوارين)، فقال لها: أتؤدين زكاة هذا؟ قالت: لا، قال ﷺ : أيسرك أن يسورك الله بهما يوم القيامة سوارين من نار؟
🌍 English: Jewelry accumulated for a child’s marriage IS subject to Zakat if the parents retain the intention to use it themselves in case of need. Similarly, even after giving the jewelry to the child, if the parents (or child) maintain the intention to reclaim it for personal use if necessary, Zakat is obligatory. The Prophet ﷺ warned a woman wearing gold bracelets that if she did not pay Zakat on her gold, she would be fitted with bracelets of fire on the Day of Judgment.
2 Tijarat ke kacche maal par zakat
Tijarat ke maal me zakat wajib hai isi tarah Wo raw material jo abhi kaccha hai aur bankar tayyar nahi huwa hai uspar kacche maal ki qeemat ke hisab se zakat wajib hai.
عن سمرة بن جندب قال: كان النبي يأمرنا أن نخرج الزكاة مما نعده للبيع.
قال ابن رشد: وقال الجمهور، الشافعي وأبوحنيفة وأحمد والثوري والأوزاعي وغيرهم…أنه من اشترى عرضاً للتجارة فحال عليه الحول قوَّمه وزكاه.
القول الراجح في كيفية تقويم السلع هو اعتبار سعر السوق، بمعنى ما تساويه السلعة في السوق، أي لو أراد التاجر أن يشتري تلك السلعة، فبكم يشتريها من السوق، وليس المراد بسعر السوق الثمن الذي سيبيع به التاجر.
ولو كان بالتقوم كل واحد منهما يبلغ نصابا يقوم ما هو أنفع للفقراء من حيث الرواج.... فيجب اعتبار منفعة الفقراء عند التقويم.
🌍 English: All trade goods are subject to Zakat, including raw materials and incomplete products. The valuation must be based on the current market purchase price (not the sale price or original cost). For example: if a merchant originally bought cloth for ₹100 per meter but today the wholesale price is ₹125, Zakat is calculated on ₹125. Retail merchants use retail prices, and wholesale merchants use wholesale prices. When goods are sold at both retail and wholesale, using the retail price (which benefits the poor more) is preferable.
3 Haj ya safar ke liye jama raqam par zakat
Kisi ne haj ke liye ya kisi safar ke liye kuch raqam jama ki thi, isi darmiyan zakat adaa karne ka din aagaya to us raqam par bhi zakat wajib hogi.
رجل له مائتا درهم فوجب عليه قبل الحول حجة الإسلام أو حجة أوجبها أو كفارة يمين أو هدي أو أضحية : لم تبطل عنه الزكاة إذا حال الحول.
🌍 English: Money set aside for Hajj (pilgrimage) or travel is subject to Zakat if it reaches Nisab. Even if the obligation for Hajj became due before the year completed, Zakat does not become void once the year is complete. The money remains Zakatable wealth regardless of its earmarked purpose or obligations that may arise before the Zakat year ends.
4 Ghar ya mobile khareedne ke liye jama raqam par zakat
Kisi ne ghar ya dukan banwane ke liye ya mobile wagaira khareedne ke liye kuch raqam jama ki thi, isi darmiyan zakat nikalne ka din aagaya to us raqam par bhi zakat wajib hogi.
إذا أمسكه لينفقه منه كل ما يحتاجه فحال الحول و قد بقي معه منه نصاب فإنه يزكي ذلك الباقي و إن كان قصده الإنفاق منه أيضا في المستقبل لعدم استحقاق صرفه إلى حوائجه الأصلية وقت حولان الحول...الزكاة تجب في النقد كيفما أمسكه للنماء أو للنفقة وكذا في البدائع الصنائع في البحث النماء التقديري...
🌍 English: Money accumulated for future purchases (house, mobile, etc.) is subject to Zakat if it reaches Nisab on the calculation date. Even if part of it is spent before the year ends, Zakat is due on the remaining amount if it meets Nisab. The purpose of the savings (whether for growth or future spending) does not exempt the money from Zakat. Cash is always subject to Zakat regardless of why it is being held.
5 Mutual fund investment par zakat
Shares ki tarah mutual funds ke investment par bhi zakat wajib hai.
وأما الأسهم: فتجب زكاتها أيضاً بحسب قيمتها الحقيقية في البيع والشراء، كزكاة العروض التجارية.
🌍 English: Mutual fund investments are subject to Zakat based on their current market value (Net Asset Value), just like stocks and shares. Zakat is calculated on the value at which the units could be sold today. For Shariah-compliant funds focusing on Halal investments, Zakat is obligatory on the portfolio value. Investors must ensure their mutual funds comply with Islamic principles before investing, avoiding funds with interest-bearing instruments.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 10: Items Subject to Zakat (Part 2)
| # | Wealth Type | Zakat Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wedding Jewelry (With Conditional Intent) | ✅ WAJIB |
| 2 | Trade Inventory & Raw Materials | ✅ WAJIB |
| 3 | Savings for Hajj/Travel | ✅ WAJIB |
| 4 | Savings for Purchases (House, Car, etc) | ✅ WAJIB |
| 5 | Mutual Fund Investments | ✅ WAJIB |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 11
Wo Cheeze Jin Me Zakat Wajib Hoti Hai (Part - 3)
Items Subject to Zakat (Part 3): Cryptocurrencies, Property & Business Stock
Understanding Zakat obligations on modern assets including cryptocurrencies, property held for resale, manufacturing stock, and specialized business inventory is crucial in contemporary Zakat practice. This section clarifies these important rulings according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Bitcoin aur doosri cryptocurrencies par zakat
Bitcoin aur Doosri cryptocurrencies par bhi Zakat wajib hai.
Allah Ta’ala ka irshad hai : Aap unke Maal me se Zakat wasool kijiye (Sure Tauba 104)
🌍 English: Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are subject to Zakat if they reach the Nisab threshold. Since they function as a store and medium of value (similar to currency), Zakat is obligatory on their current market value. The Zakat rate remains 2.5% of the total cryptocurrency holdings that have been held for one complete lunar year.
2 Zameen aur flat jo bechne ke liye khareeda ho
Wo zameen ya flat jise bechne ke liye khareeda ho, unki aaj ki qeemat par zakat wajib hogi.
قلتُ : أرأيت الرجل يشتري الدور للتجارة فحلت فيها الزكاة كيف يصنع؟ قال : يقومها فيزكي قيمتها.
🌍 English: Land or property purchased with the intention to resell for profit is subject to Zakat based on its current market value, not the purchase price. Zakat is calculated on whatever price the property would fetch if sold today. This applies to real estate held as business inventory.
3 Kaarkhane aur factory ke spare parts aur saman
Wo saman aur spare parts jo kaarkhane aur factory me maal tayyar karne me lagaaye jaate hai jaise ghadi ya gaadiyo ke parts aur engine alternator ke parts in sab par bhi market value ke hisab se zakat wajib hai, isi tarah Printing Press aur Akhbaar wale roshnaai (Ink) ki bohot badi quantity stock karke rakhte hai, us roshnaai (Ink) ki qeemat par zakat wajib hogi.
و كل عين يبقى له أثر في العين بحيث يرى كالعصفر والزعفران وما أشبهه ففيه الزكاة.
🌍 English: Manufacturing equipment, spare parts, and raw materials held in factories or workshops are subject to Zakat based on their market value. This includes printing ink, building materials (cement, steel, wood), and all manufacturing supplies. Any commodity that leaves a tangible effect and maintains recognizable value is subject to Zakat at its current market rate.
4 Gas cylinder aur tank me gas ki qeemat par zakat
Jo aadmi gas company se gas khareed kar logo ko supply karta hai wo cylinder ki qeemat ke hisab se zakat nahi nikalega, balke cylinder me jo gas hai uski qeemat ke hisab se zakat wajib hogi, lekin Wo cylinder jo gas ke sath bech diya jata hai usme gas aur cylinder dono ki qeemat lagake zakat wajib hogi.
و قال في العيون : والعطار إذا اشترى قوارير فهو هكذا (لا تجب فيه الزكاة).
و قوارير العطارين...إن كان من غرض المشتري بيعها بها ففيها الزكاة و إلا فلا.
🌍 English: A gas distributor calculates Zakat on the value of the gas commodity itself, not the empty cylinders. If cylinders are sold separately from gas, Zakat applies only to the gas. If cylinders are sold with the gas as a package, Zakat applies to the combined value of both. The principle is that Zakat applies to the sellable merchandise, not the container.
5 Bank me security deposit aur wapas milne ke baad zakat
Wo raqam jo tours and travels wale, IATA ke liye security ke taur par bank me fixed deposit karke rakhte hai ya foreign countries me recruitment karne Wali companies government ke liye security ke taur par bank me fixed deposit karke rakhti hai, us raqam par wapas miljane ke baad pichle tamam saalo ki zakat wajib hogi.
قال محمد : أخبرنا أبو حنيفة قال حدثنا الهيثم عن ابن سيرين عن علي ابن أبي طالب رض قال : إذا كان لك دين على الناس فقضيته فزكِّه لما مضى.
🌍 English: Security deposits held in banks (for IATA certification, government recruitment authorization, or business licenses) are subject to retroactive Zakat once received back. When the deposit is returned, Zakat becomes due on all previous years during which the money was inaccessible. This is treated similarly to a debt owed by the bank, which becomes Zakatable upon repayment.
6 Eent banane ke bhatte me kachchi aur pakki eent
Eent (brick) banane ke bhatte me jitni Kacchi pakki eent hai unki qeemat par zakat wajib hogi, isi tarah Wo mitti jo eent banane ke liye khareed kar layi gayi ho uspar bhi zakat wajib hai, lekin agar mitti bhatte ke malik hi ki Zameen se layi gayi ho to na mitti par zakat hai na eento par jab tak ke unko bech na de.
عن عمر رض أنه قال لحماس بن عمرو : أدِّ زكاة مالك. قال : إن مالي الجعاب والأدم. قال قوِمها و أدِّ زكاتها.
🌍 English: Bricks (both raw and fired) in brick kilns are subject to Zakat based on their market value. Similarly, purchased raw materials for brick-making are Zakatable. However, if the clay is extracted from the kiln owner’s own land, no Zakat is due on the clay or bricks until they are actually sold. The distinction is between purchased inventory and goods produced from one’s own resources.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 11: Items Subject to Zakat (Part 3)
| # | Asset/Inventory Type | Zakat Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, etc) | ✅ WAJIB |
| 2 | Property for Resale (Land/Flat) | ✅ WAJIB |
| 3 | Factory Spare Parts & Materials | ✅ WAJIB |
| 4 | Gas in Cylinders/Tanks | ✅ WAJIB |
| 5 | Security Deposit (After Return) | ✅ RETROACTIVE |
| 6 | Bricks & Raw Materials (Purchased) | ✅ WAJIB |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 12
Kin Logo Ko Zakat Di Ja Sakti Hai ?
Who is Eligible to Receive Zakat?
Understanding the categories of Zakat recipients is essential for fulfilling this obligation correctly. This section details the eight categories of Zakat recipients mentioned in the Quran, including the poor, needy, administrators, those in debt, travelers, and others according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Faqeer - jiske paas koi bhi maal na ho
Faqeer jiske paas kisi bhi tarah ka koi maal na ho.
إنما الصدقٰتُ للفقراءِ
🌍 English: The poor (Faqeer) are those who have no wealth at all or possess nothing of value. Zakat may be given to them to meet their basic needs.
2 Miskeen - jiske paas nisab se kam ho
Miskeen jiske paas nisab ke barabar maal na ho.
وَالمساكينِ
🌍 English: The needy (Miskeen) are those whose wealth falls short of the Nisab threshold. They possess some wealth but not enough to be self-sufficient.
3 Zakat administrators aur workers
Islami hukumat ke wo log jinhe zakat aur ushr wasool karne ke liye rakha gaya ho.
وَالعاملينَ علَيها
🌍 English: Those appointed to collect and distribute Zakat (Zakat administrators and workers) are entitled to a portion for their services. This includes all administrative costs and personnel involved in the Zakat collection process.
4 Gulamaan - aise gulam jinko aazadi chahiye
Aise gulam jinko apni aazadi ke liye madad ki zaroorat ho.
و في الرقابِ
🌍 English: This category historically referred to slaves seeking freedom. In contemporary times, it encompasses innocent detainees seeking release and those wrongfully detained. Zakat can be used to secure their release, provided they are first recognized as Zakat recipients, and then the funds are disbursed with their consent.
5 Gharmin - qarzdaar aadmi
Aise qarzdaar ko jiske paas itna maal na ho jisse Wo apna qarz chuka sake.
والغارمينَ
🌍 English: Those in debt (Gharmin) are eligible for Zakat if they lack sufficient means to repay their debts. Zakat can be given to them to discharge their liabilities, either incurred for legitimate needs or through circumstances beyond their control.
6 Musafir - zarooratmand musafir
Wo musafir jo waise to maaldaar ho lekin safar me zarooratmand hogaya ho, aur ghar se maal mangwana mushkil ho.
و ابنِ السبيلِ
🌍 English: The traveler (Ibn al-Sabeel) is one who is wealthy at home but becomes needy during travel, unable to easily access funds from home. Zakat can assist such travelers to meet their travel needs and return home safely.
7 Rishtedaar ko zakat dene me double sawab
Rishtedaar ko zakat dena me double sawab hai, ek zakat ka doosra sila rehmi ka.
الصدقةُ على المسكينِ صدقةٌ وعلى ذي الرَّحِمِ ثِنْتَانِ صدقةٌ وصِلَةٌ
وَآتَى الْمَالَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِ ذَوِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَابْنَ السبيل الآية حيث قدم ذوي القربى.
🌍 English: Giving Zakat to poor relatives earns double reward: one for Zakat and one for maintaining family ties (Silat al-Rahim). Eligible relatives include siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, in-laws, nieces, and nephews. However, Zakat cannot be given to direct ancestors (parents, grandparents), direct descendants (children, grandchildren), or spouses, even if they are poor.
8 Deeni madraso ke gareeb students ko madad
Deeni madarso me gareeb students ki madad ke liye zakat dene par bhi double sawab hai, ek zakat ka doosra deen ki hifazat aur isha'at ka.
إنما الصدقٰتُ للفقراءِ وَالمساكينِ
أو إلى طالب العلم و في المعراج : التصدق على العالم الفقير أفضل (أي من الجاهل الفقير.قهستاني.
🌍 English: Supporting poor students of Islamic knowledge through Zakat earns double reward: the reward of Zakat and the reward of supporting Islamic education. Giving Zakat to a poor scholar is considered superior to giving it to an ignorant poor person, as it perpetuates Islamic knowledge.
9 Oxygen, kitaab, kapde aur khana baatna
Zakat ki raqam se Oxygen cylinder baatna, kitabe baatna, gareebo ke kapde banwana, khane ke packet banakar taqseem karna bhi jaiz hai, lekin dastarkhawn par bitha kar khilane se zakat adaa nahi hogi.
و في العيون : إذا كان يعوله يتيمًا فجعل يكسوه و يطعمه، و يجعل ما يكسوه و يأكل عنده من زكاة ماله، فالكسوة...تجوز من زكاته لوجود الركن وهو التمليك و أما الطعام، فما يدفع إليه بيده أيضا يجوز لوجود...التمليك و ما يجوز من غير أن يدفع إليه لا يجوز لانعدام الركن.
بلغنا عن إبراهيم أنه قال : لا يعطي من الزكاة يهوديًا ولا نصرانيا ولا مجوسيا.
🌍 English: Zakat can be spent on medical supplies (oxygen cylinders), educational materials (books), clothing, and food packages for the needy, provided the Zakat recipient retains ownership and control. However, serving food to the needy at a common meal without ensuring they receive direct ownership does not fulfill Zakat. Zakat must only be given to Muslims; non-Muslims are excluded from Zakat distribution.
10 Relief ke kaam me zakat
Relief ke kaam me bhi zakat dena jaiz hai jaise koi gareeb musalman sailab ya aur koi aasmani aafat se dochaar ho use zakat di ja sakti hai, isi tarah Wo log jo fasad ki wajah se be ghar hogaye ho, unhe bhi zakat desakte hai lekin shart ye hai ke unke paas nisab ke barabar maal na ho.
إنما الصدقٰتُ للفقراءِ وَالمساكينِ
🌍 English: Zakat can be used for disaster relief and humanitarian assistance. Poor Muslims affected by floods, earthquakes, or other natural calamities, as well as those displaced by conflict, are eligible for Zakat provided they do not possess wealth equal to Nisab. Relief work that targets eligible Zakat recipients is a valid and important use of Zakat funds.
11 Maaldar maa baap ko gareeb aulad se zakat
Maaldar baap ki gareeb aulaad ko jabke Wo balig ho, ya maaldaar aulad ke gareeb maa baap ko, zakat dena jaiz hai isi tarah maaldaar biwi ke gareeb shohor ko ya maaldaar shohor ki gareeb biwi ko zakat dena jaiz hai.
في شرح الجامع الصغير...فذكر أنه على قول أبي حنيفة يجوز الدفع إلى أولاد الأغنياء إذا كانوا فقراء صغارا كان الاولاد او كبارا و على قول أبي يوسف ومحمد يجوز الدفع إلى الكبار ولا يجوز الدفع إلى الصغار.
🌍 English: Zakat can be given from a wealthy parent to poor adult children, from wealthy children to poor parents, from a wealthy spouse to a needy spouse. The key distinction is that the recipient must be poor (lacking Nisab) while the donor is wealthy. Young children of wealthy parents cannot receive Zakat according to most schools as they are considered wealthy through their parents’ wealth.
12 Maaldar jo sehmand na ho
Wo shaks jiske paas ghar, dukan, naukar, gaadi sab kuch ho lekin sona chandi nisab ke barabar na ho aur family members zada hone ki wajah se ya kisi aur wajah se jo bhi income aati ho wo bachti na ho balke sab khatam hojati ho, to aise shaks ko bhi zakat dena jaiz hai.
أرأيت الرجل يعطي الرجل من الزكاة وله دار أو مسكن و خادم، هل يجزيه في قول أبي حنيفة.... ذلك؟ قال نعم. بلغنا عن إبراهيم أنه قال يعطى من الزكاة من له دار و خادم.
🌍 English: A person who owns assets (house, business, employee, vehicle) but lacks Zakat-eligible wealth (gold, silver, cash at Nisab level) can receive Zakat if their income doesn’t meet their family’s expenses. What matters is whether they possess Nisab-level wealth, not total asset value. A person with modest income despite substantial assets may be poor in the Zakat sense.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 12: Eight Categories of Zakat Recipients
| # | Category | Eligibility |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Faqeer (The Poor) | ✅ ELIGIBLE |
| 2 | Miskeen (The Needy) | ✅ ELIGIBLE |
| 3 | Zakat Administrators | ✅ ELIGIBLE |
| 4 | Those Seeking Freedom | ✅ ELIGIBLE |
| 5 | Those in Debt | ✅ ELIGIBLE |
| 6 | Travelers in Need | ✅ ELIGIBLE |
| 7 | Poor Relatives (Double Reward) | ✅ PREFERRED |
| 8 | Poor Islamic Students | ✅ PREFERRED |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 13
Wo Log Jinhe Zakat Nahi Di Ja Sakti Hai ?
Who is Ineligible to Receive Zakat?
Understanding who is excluded from Zakat is as important as knowing who is eligible. This section clarifies specific categories of people and uses that do not constitute valid Zakat according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Direct ancestors aur descendants ko zakat nahi
Ma, baap, dada, dadi, nana, nani, wagaira (oopar tak), beta, beti, pota, poti, nawasa, nawasi, wagaira (neeche tak) ko zakat dena jaiz nahi hai.
قال محمد : وبهذا ناخذ، لا بأس بأن يعطي من الزكاة كل ذي رحم إلا ولدا والدا وولد ولد أو جد أو جدة و إن كانوا في عياله.
🌍 English: Zakat cannot be given to direct ancestors (parents, grandparents, great-grandparents) or direct descendants (children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren), even if they are poor or living in the donor’s household. This restriction applies to the vertical line of descent in either direction.
2 Spouse ko zakat nahi
Biwi apne shohor ko aur shohor apni biwi ko zakat nahi desakta.
व وجدك عائلا فأغنى قيل : يعني بمال خديجة (العناية)۔
والزوجة لا تعطى من الزكاة، وقال أبو حنيفة : لا يعطى الزوج من الزكاة.
🌍 English: A husband cannot give Zakat to his wife, nor a wife to her husband. The spousal relationship creates a duty of maintenance (Nafaqah), which supersedes and replaces the Zakat obligation between spouses.
3 Gair Muslim ko zakat nahi
Gair Muslim ko zakat dene se zakat adaa nahi hogi.
لقول النبي ﷺ فإن هم أطاعوا لذلك فأعلمهم أن الله افترض عليهم صدقة في أموالهم تؤخذ من أغنيائهم وترد على فقرائهم۔
🌍 English: Zakat cannot be given to non-Muslims. The Prophet ﷺ instructed that Zakat is taken from the wealthy and returned to the poor of the Muslims. Zakat is exclusively for Muslims; other charitable giving may be made to non-Muslims, but it does not fulfill the Zakat obligation.
4 Sahib e Nisab ko zakat nahi
Wo jiske paas nisab ke barabar sona, chandi, cash, bank funds ya tijarat ka saman ho usko zakat nahi di jasakti.
لقول النبي ﷺ لا تحل الصدقة لغني
🌍 English: Zakat cannot be given to anyone who possesses wealth equal to or exceeding the Nisab threshold. The Prophet ﷺ stated: "Zakat is not lawful for the wealthy." Even if a person has limited income, if they possess Nisab-level wealth in gold, silver, cash, or business goods, they are not eligible for Zakat.
5 Maaldar ke nabalig bacche ko zakat nahi
Kisi maaldar ke nabalig bacche ko zakat dena jaiz nahi hai.
و لا يعطى منها غنيًا ولا ولد غني إذا كان صغيرًا،...لأنه إذا كان صغيرًا يعد غنيًا بمال أبيه.
🌍 English: A minor child of a wealthy person cannot receive Zakat. The child is considered wealthy through the parent’s wealth and is the parent’s responsibility. Once the child reaches adulthood and becomes poor, they would then be eligible for Zakat.
6 Sadaat (Banu Hashim) ko zakat nahi
Sadaat yani Banu Hashim (H. Ali rz, H. Abbas rz, H.Aqeel rz, H.Jafar rz aur H. Haris bin Abdul Muttalib rz ki aulad) ko zakat dena jaiz nahi hai.
لقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : أما علمت أن آل محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم لا يأكلون الصدقة.
و روى أبو عصمة عن أبي حنيفة : جواز دفعها إلى الهاشمي في زمانه.
Allama Kashmiri ki bhi yahi rai thi : و أخذا لزكاة عندي أسهل من السؤال. والضرورات تبيح المحظورات مأخوذة من قول الله تعالى : إلا ما اضطررتم إليه (الأنعام ١١٩)
🌍 English: The descendants of the Prophet’s household (Banu Hashim) are traditionally excluded from Zakat because Zakat is prohibited for them. However, some contemporary scholars, including Mufti Khalid Saifullah Rehmani and Allama Kashmiri, hold that needy descendants of the Prophet may receive Zakat in cases of extreme necessity, as hardship permits exceptions to general rules.
7 Pagal aur nasamajh bacche ko zakat nahi
Pagal aadmi ya nasamajh bacche ko dene se zakat adaa nahi hogi.
وفي الجامع الصغير : سئل عبد الكريم عمن دفع زكاة ماله إلى صبي قال : إن كان حرا حقا يعقل الأخذ يجوز، وإلا فلا يجوز، ولو دفع إلى المعتوه فهو على هذا التفصيل ولو دفع إلى المجنون لا يجوز.
🌍 English: Zakat cannot be given to an insane person, as they lack the mental capacity to understand or take possession of the Zakat properly. Similarly, a child who cannot comprehend or accept the Zakat is not a valid recipient unless given to their guardian specifically for their benefit.
8 Masjid, madarsa, hospital banwane me zakat
Masjid, madarsa, fly over ya hospital banane se zakat adaa nahi hogi.
قلت : أرأيت الرجل يبني مسجدا من زكاة ماله هل يجزيه ذلك ؟ قال : لا.
ولا يصرف في بناء مسجد و قنطرة.
🌍 English: Zakat cannot be used for building or construction projects such as mosques, schools, bridges, or hospitals. Zakat must be given to eligible individuals. However, Zakat can be used to purchase medicines or oxygen cylinders to give to poor and needy people, which then constitutes valid Zakat distribution.
9 Apne hajj me zakat kharch karna
Apni zakat ki raqam khud apne hajj me kharch karne se zakat adaa nahi hogi.
محمد عن أبي يوسف قال : حدثنا الحسن بن عمارة عن الحكم عن إبراهيم أنه قال : لا يعطى من زكاة في حج ولا في غيره.
🌍 English: Zakat cannot be used to finance one’s own religious obligations such as Hajj. These personal religious duties must be fulfilled from other sources. Zakat is specifically meant for eligible poor and needy people, not for the donor’s personal spiritual obligations.
10 Qarz maaf karna zakat nahi hai
Kisi ka qarz maaf kar dene se zakat adaa nahi hogi, lekin jisse qarz wapas lena hai usko pehle zakat ki raqam dekar phir apna qarz wasool kar liya to jaiz hai.
قلت : أرأيت الرجل يكون له الدين فيتصدق به على الذي هو عليه و ينوي أن يكون من زكاة ماله، هل يجزيه ذلك ؟ قال : لا قلت : لم ؟ قال : لأنه لم يقبضه. قلت : أرايت إن قبضه ثم تصدق به عليه هل يجزيه ذلك قال : نعم.
ولا يقضى منه دين الميت.
🌍 English: Forgiving a debt does not constitute Zakat payment. However, if you first give Zakat to the debtor and then collect your debt from them, this is permissible. Additionally, Zakat cannot be used to pay the debts of the deceased; only living persons can receive Zakat.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 13: Ineligible Zakat Recipients
| # | Ineligible Category | Zakat Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Direct Ancestors & Descendants | ❌ PROHIBITED |
| 2 | Spouse | ❌ PROHIBITED |
| 3 | Non-Muslims | ❌ PROHIBITED |
| 4 | Those with Nisab Wealth | ❌ PROHIBITED |
| 5 | Minors of Wealthy Parents | ❌ PROHIBITED |
| 6 | Sadaat (Prophet’s Descendants) | ❌ PROHIBITED |
| 7 | Insane or Incomprehending Persons | ❌ PROHIBITED |
| 8-10 | Building Projects, Debt Forgiveness, Personal Hajj | ❌ INVALID USE |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 14
Zakat Ke Mutafarriq Masail
Miscellaneous Issues Related to Zakat
Understanding miscellaneous rulings on Zakat intention, lost wealth, advance payments, and other practical considerations is important for proper Zakat fulfillment. This section clarifies these important but less commonly discussed issues according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Zakat ki niyat zaroori hai
Faqeer ko zakat dete waqt, ya jisko zakat batne ke liye rakha hai usko dete waqt, ya zakat ki raqam apne maal se alag karte waqt zakat ki niyat karna zaroori hai, warna zakat adaa nahi hogi.
Sure bayyina ayat 5
Sharh u mukhtasar u ttahawi (2/267)
Radd ul muhtar (3/187)
🌍 English: Zakat requires a clear intention (Niyyah) to be fulfilled. The intention must be made at the time of giving or setting aside the Zakat amount. If the intention was not made initially but is made later while the funds remain with the recipient (not yet spent), Zakat may still be valid. However, if the recipient has already spent the money without knowledge of its Zakat status, the Zakat is not fulfilled.
2 Aurat ka meher par zakat
Aurat par apne meher ki zakat wajib nahi hai jabtak ke wo use mil na jae.
Kitab ul Asl - Imam Muhammad shaybani 2/94
🌍 English: A woman is not obligated to pay Zakat on her dower (Mahr) that has not yet been paid to her by her husband. Once she receives the Mahr, it becomes part of her wealth and becomes subject to Zakat if it meets the Nisab threshold.
3 Gum saman ko baad me millne par zakat
Kisi ka saman gum hogaya ya koi cheen kar bhag gaya, baad me kuch saalo ke baad achanak milgaya to pichle saalo ki zakat wajib na hogi.
Kitab ul Asl - Imam Muhammad shaybani (2/113)
🌍 English: If lost or stolen property is recovered after several years, no retroactive Zakat is due for the years it was missing. The wealth was beyond the owner’s control and possession, so Zakat obligation was suspended. Upon recovery, Zakat begins anew from that point forward.
4 Advance me zakat adaa karna
Zakat wajib hone ke baad kisi ne andaza lagakar kuch saalo ki advance me zakat dedi to bhi Sahi hai, lekin jitna andaza lagaya tha, agar aainda saalo me maal usse zada badh jae to hisab lagakar zaid maal ki zakat nikalna zaroori hai.
Sunan e Abu Dawood 1624
Sunan e Tirmizi 678.
🌍 English: Advance Zakat payments (paying Zakat for future years before the years are due) are permissible if a reasonable estimate is made. However, if the actual wealth increases beyond the estimate in subsequent years, additional Zakat must be calculated and paid for the difference.
5 Zakat ke notes ko adal badal karna
Zakat ki raqam alag karke rakhne ke baad uske notes ko adal badal karna jaiz hai, chahe to zakat ke liye nikali hui raqam ko apne istemal me lakar waha doosre notes rakhde, ya apni taraf se zakat adaa karke un rakhi hui notes me se nikal le.
Radd ul muhtar DKI 3/189
🌍 English: After setting aside Zakat funds, one may substitute the actual physical notes/coins with other notes as long as the amount and intention remain the same. The important element is the amount and Zakat intention, not the specific physical currency.
6 Saal guzarne ke baad maal barbad hogaya
Saal guzarne ke baad poora maal chori hogaya ya barbad hogaya to zakat maaf hogayi, lekin agar jaan boojh kar barbad kiya hai to zakat maaf nahi hogi, balke baad me jab maal aayega to zakat adaa karna zaroori hai.
Kitab ul Asl - Imam Muhammad shaybani (Dar ibn e hazm 2/105
Al Bahr ur Raiq 2/218.
🌍 English: If all wealth is lost or destroyed by circumstances beyond control after the Zakat year is complete, Zakat becomes waived. However, if the destruction was intentional, Zakat remains due and must be paid once wealth is recovered. If only the Zakat amount specifically set aside is stolen, the obligation remains and must be fulfilled from other wealth.
7 Ek faqeer ko zada dena
Ek hi faqeer ko itna maal dena makrooh hai ke khud uspar hi zakat wajib hojae, lekin jispar qarz ho, usko uske qarz ke barabar desakte hai, isi tarah us bal bacche wale gareeb aadmi ko bhi zada desakte hai ke jiske ghar walo ke darmiyan agar Wo raqam baati jae to unme se koi bhi sahib e nisab na bane.
Kitab ul Aasaar 317.
🌍 English: It is disliked to give so much Zakat to a single poor person that it renders them wealthy and obligated to pay Zakat themselves. However, more can be given to those carrying debt (to help them pay it) or to those with dependents (without making the household wealthy).
8 Sharam ke saath zakat dena
Wo log jo zakat lene me sharm aur aar mehsoos karte ho unko zakat ka maal EIDI kehkar ya HADIYA kehkar dena bhi jaiz hai.
Radd ul muhtar DKI 3/187
🌍 English: For those who feel shame or embarrassment about receiving Zakat, it is permissible to present it as a gift (Hadiya) or present (Eidi) to preserve their dignity while still fulfilling the Zakat obligation.
9 Faqeer samajh kar zakat diye lekin mustahiq na tha
Kisi ko faqeer samajh kar zakat dedi, baad me pata chala ke wo to zakat ka mustahiq nahi tha to dene wale ki zakat adaa hojaegi.
Kitab ul Asl - Imam Muhammad shaybani (Dar ibn e hazm 2/125
Kitab ul Asl - Imam Muhammad shaybani (Dar ibn e hazm 2/125
🌍 English: If Zakat is given in good faith to someone believed to be poor but later discovered to be ineligible, the donor’s Zakat obligation is still fulfilled provided they acted in good faith. The recipient, however, commits a sin by falsely claiming eligibility.
10 Zada zakat dene se advance me nikalna
Kisi ne zada maal samajhkar zada zakat adaa kardiya ya kisi aisi cheez ki bhi zakat dedi jispar zakat wajib nahi thi jaise ke rehne ka ghar, to us extra zakat ko aainda saal ki zakat me shumaar karna jaiz hai.
Fatawa Qazikhan ala Hamish il Hindiyyah 1/263.
🌍 English: If excess Zakat is paid (due to miscalculation or on non-Zakatable items), the surplus can be credited toward the following year’s Zakat obligation, essentially functioning as an advance payment.
11 Haram maal par zakat
Haram maal, chahe kisi se cheen kar liya ho ya dhoka dekar liya ho ya bank se milne wala sood ho ya chori ka maal ho, In me se kisi par zakat wajib nahi hai, zaroori hai ke us maal ko asal malik tak pohnchade agar ye mumkin na ho to bagair sawab ki niyat ke sadqa karde.
Sahi Muslim 224.
🌍 English: Haram wealth (stolen, fraudulently obtained, or interest-based income) is not subject to Zakat. Instead, it must be returned to its rightful owner. If this is impossible, it should be given away as charity without the intention of reward. If haram and halal wealth become inseparably mixed, Zakat applies to the entire amount.
12 Zakat apne sheher me ya doosre sheher me
Mustahab ye hai ke aadmi apni zakat apne sheher hi ke faqeero me baate, lekin agar gareeb rishtedaar doosre sheher me rehte ho ya doosre sheher me kisi madarse ke gareeb taluba ki madad karna ho to waha zakat bhejne me koi harj nahi hai balke zada sawab milne ki umeed hai.
Kitab ul Asl - Imam Muhammad shaybani (Dar ibn e hazm 2/125
🌍 English: It is preferable to give Zakat to the poor in one’s own city or region. However, if poor relatives live in another city or if supporting poor Islamic students elsewhere is necessary, sending Zakat to other locations is permissible and may merit additional reward for helping in religious education.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 14: Miscellaneous Zakat Issues
| # | Issue | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zakat Intention Required | ✅ REQUIRED |
| 2 | Advance Zakat Payments | ✅ ALLOWED |
| 3 | Lost Wealth Recovery | ⚠️ NO ARREARS |
| 4 | Good Faith Mistakes | ✅ FULFILLED |
| 5 | Haram Wealth | ❌ NO ZAKAT |
| 6 | Distribution Location | ✅ FLEXIBLE |
Zakat Masail Series – S.R. No. 15
Sadqa e Fitr Ke Zaroori Masail
Essential Issues Regarding Fitrah Charity
Fitrah Charity (Sadqa e Fitr) is an obligatory alms given at the end of Ramadan before Eid al-Fitr. This section clarifies the conditions, timing, amounts, and special considerations for this important Islamic obligation according to Hanafi Fiqh.
1 Sadqa e Fitr ke liye nisab zaroori hai
Jis shaks ke paas zaroorat ki cheezo ke alaawa itni qeemat ka maal ho jis se zakat wajib hoti hai (612.36 gram chandi ki qeemat ke barabar) uspar Eid ul fitr ke din sadqa e fitr adaa karna wajib hai.
Sunan e Abu Dawood 1673
🌍 English: Fitrah Charity is obligatory on those who possess wealth equal to Nisab (612.36 grams of silver’s equivalent value) in excess of basic necessities. Unlike Zakat, a full year need not pass; even if one acquires this wealth the day before Eid, Fitrah becomes immediately due.
2 Musafir par bhi sadqa e fitr wajib
Musafir par bhi sadqa e fitr wajib hai, Eid ke din wo jis sheher me hoga us sheher ki qeemat ke hisaab se sadqa e fitr adaa karega.
Al Muheet ul Burhani DKI 2/413.
🌍 English: Even travelers are obligated to pay Fitrah. They calculate the amount based on the market prices in the city where they are on Eid day, not their home city.
3 Mareez aur musafir ko Ramadan na rakhne par sadqa
Jo mareez ya musafir Ramazan ke roze na rakh saka ho uspar bhi sadqa e fitr wajib hai.
Al Muheet ul Burhani DKI 2/413.
🌍 English: Those unable to fast due to illness or travel are still obligated to pay Fitrah, as this charity is not conditional on having fasted the entire month.
4 Nabalig baccho ki taraf se Fitrah
Nabalig baccho ki taraf se baap par sadqa e fitr nikalna wajib hai.
Kitab ul Asl Imam Muhammad Shaybani Dar Ibn e Hazm 2/175.
🌍 English: Parents are obligated to pay Fitrah for their minor children. Similarly, Fitrah must be paid for adult children with mental disabilities on behalf of the parent/guardian.
5 Balig aulad ki taraf se Fitrah
Balig aulad ki taraf se sadqa e fitr baap par wajib nahi hai lekin agar unki taraf Se nikal diya to adaa hojaega.
Kitab ul Asl Imam Muhammad Shaybani Dar Ibn e Hazm 2/175.
Al Muheet ul Burhani DKI 2/413.
🌍 English: Adult children are responsible for their own Fitrah. Parents are not obligated to pay it on their behalf, though if they choose to, it is valid.
6 Biwi ka sadqa e fitr
Biwi ka sadqa e fitr shohor par wajib nahi hai, lekin agar uski taraf se nikal diya to adaa hojaega.
Kitab ul Asl Imam Muhammad Shaybani Dar Ibn e Hazm 2/175.
Al Muheet ul Burhani DKI 2/413.
🌍 English: A wife is responsible for her own Fitrah if she possesses sufficient wealth. It is not the husband’s obligation unless she lacks resources, though spouses often pay on each other’s behalf as an act of kindness.
7 Intiqal hogaya to Fitrah nahi
Jiska intiqal hogaya uski taraf se sadqa e fitr nahi nikala jaega.
Allah taala ka irshad hai : Aur jo kuch humne tumko diya hai usme se kharch karte raho isse pehle ke tum me se kisi ko maut aajaye phir Wo kehne lage 'ae mere rab mujhe thodi si mohlat kyu na dedi ke mai bhi sadqa karke nek logo me se hojata.
🌍 English: Fitrah is not due after a person’s death. Charitable actions must be performed during one’s lifetime.
8 Eid se pehle sadqa e fitr
Mustahab ye hai ke Eid ul fitr ke din hi Eid ki namaz ke liye Jane ze pehle sadqa e fitr adaa kardiya jae.
H. Ibn e Umar rz naqal karte hai ke Nabi e Kareem ﷺ ne ye hukm diya ke Eid ki namaz ke liye nikalne se pehle hi sadqa e fitr adaa kardo.
Bukhari 1511
🌍 English: The preferred time for Fitrah is on Eid morning before the Eid prayer. It can be paid during the last days of Ramadan, but not before Ramadan begins.
9 Eid ke baad dene se pehle fatwa
Eid ki namaz se pehle agar adaa na karsaka to Eid ki namaz ke baad adaa karde, jab bhi adaa karega usko adaa hi kaha jaega.
Kitab ul Asl Imam Muhammad Shaybani Dar Ibn e Hazm 2/175.
🌍 English: If unable to pay Fitrah before the Eid prayer, it may be paid afterward. Whenever it is paid, the obligation is fulfilled, though paying before the prayer is preferable.
10 Musalman ko dena chahiye
Sadqa e Fitr musalman hi ko dena chahiye lekin agar kafir ko dediya to bhi adaa hojaega.
Kitab ul Asl Imam Muhammad Shaybani Dar Ibn e Hazm 2/175.
🌍 English: Fitrah is preferably given to Muslims. However, some scholars hold that if given to non-Muslims, the obligation is still technically fulfilled, though this is not recommended practice.
11 Sharia miqdar Fitrah
Sadqa e Fitr ki shar'ee miqdar ek saa khajoor, kishmish ya jaw hai, aur gehu ya uska aata dena ho to aadha saa hai jo ke 1 kilo 574 gram 649 milligram ke barabar hota hai, jisko ehtiyatan ulama paune 2 kilo kehte hai.
H. Ibn e Abbas rz Ramazan ke aakhri dino me Basra ke mimbar par khade hokar farmaya : apne roze ka sadqa nikalo..... phir farmaya ke Nabi e Kareem ﷺ ne is Sadqe ko farz kiya hai 1 saa khajoor ya kishmish ya jaw, ya phir aadha saa gehu.
Abu Dawood 1622.
🌍 English: The prescribed amount of Fitrah is one Sa’a (approximately 2.7-2.8 kg) of dates, raisins, or barley per person, or half a Sa’a of wheat. Those with greater means are encouraged to give more, as reflected in the practice of the early scholars.
12 Market price ka aitebar
Sadqa e fitr me market price ko mana jaega, control ya ration ki dukan ke rate ke hisab se sadqa e fitr nahi nikalenge.
Radd ul Muhtar DKI 3/211.
🌍 English: The market price (actual selling price) should be used to calculate Fitrah, not subsidized or controlled rates.
13 Foreign country me rehne par Fitrah
Foreign country me rehne wala agar Hindustan me apna sadqa e fitr dena chahe to use Hindustan ki nahi balke jis country me hai waha ki qeemat ka aitebar karna hoga aur wahi ki qeemat ke hisab se Sadqa e Fitr nikala jaega.
Al Bada'ei us Sana'ei Dar ul Hadith Al Qahira 2/573.
🌍 English: Those living abroad calculate Fitrah based on the market prices in their country of residence, not their country of origin, as Fitrah is based on the concept of feeding the poor in one’s immediate locality.
📋 Quick Summary — SR 15: Fitrah Charity Essentials
| # | Issue | Ruling |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nisab Requirement | ✅ REQUIRED |
| 2 | Applies to Travelers | ✅ YES |
| 3 | Parents Pay for Minors | ✅ WAJIB |
| 4 | Preferred Time | 🕌 BEFORE EDI PRAYER |
| 5 | Standard Amount | ~ 2.7-2.8 KG |
| 6 | Use Market Price | ✅ MANDATORY |